When a Backyard Yields a 1,900-Year-Old Roman Gravestone

When a routine yard project revealed an ancient Roman headstone, it set off a global effort to trace its long journey from Italy to Louisiana.

The translation of this grave marker, according to the Preservation Resource Center, is: ‘To the spirits of the dead for Sextus Congenius Verus, soldier of the praetorian fleet Misenensis, from the tribe (natio) of the Bessi, (who) lived 42 years (and) served 22 in the military, on the trireme Asclepius. Atilius Carus and Vettius Longinus, his heirs, made (this) for him well deserving.’ Photograph: Courtesy D Ryan Gray and Preservation Resource Center of New Orleans.

A New Orleans couple clearing undergrowth in their yard discovered something extraordinary: a marble grave marker from ancient Rome. The slab bore a Latin inscription honoring Sextus Congenius Verus, “soldier of the praetorian fleet Misenensis,” who died at age 42 and served 22 years aboard a trireme called Asclepius. According to the New Orleans Preservation Resource Center, the fantastic find was the work of Tulane University anthropologist Daniella Santoro and her husband, Aaron Lornez.

The couple recognized that the inscription on the stone appeared in Latin, the language of ancient Rome. Santoro contacted University of New Orleans archaeologist D. Ryan Gray and her Tulane colleague Susann Lusnia, an associate professor of classical studies. Gray sent photographs of the unusual marble slab to Harald Stadler, a professor at the University of Innsbruck, who then shared them with his brother, a Latin instructor.

Susann Lusnia and Stadler independently reached the same remarkable conclusion: the headstone commemorated Sextus Congenius Verus, a Roman sailor and soldier from the second century. Even more striking, the stone matched the description of one long reported missing from the City Museum of Civitavecchia near Rome since World War II.

Lusnia traveled to Italy to consult museum records, where she discovered that bombings in 1943–44 had ravaged the original museum. Many artifacts vanished. Moreover, a 1954 catalog listing this same gravestone was apparently compiled from secondary sources, making its trail even murkier.

Gray acknowledged that no definitive chain of custody exists. The stone may have passed through an antique dealer, been a war “souvenir,” or ended up in private holdings. “Perhaps a family member … saw it as a convenient paving stone for a muddy yard,” he speculated.

Currently, the grave marker has been handed over to the FBI’s art crime division as part of efforts to repatriate it to Italy. Museums in Civitavecchia reportedly await its return, and Gray stated that the museum staff hoped for a celebration to mark its homecoming.

He added that, to him, the saga of Congenius Verus’s tombstone “reflects a wonderful intersection of a homeowner’s curiosity ultimately bringing to light something unexpected and historically significant.”

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Kele Johnson is the Editor of Kovels Antique Trader Magazine and the Digital Content Editor of Active Interest Media's Collectibles Group. She admits to a fondness for mid-century ceramics, uranium glass, novelty barware, and Paleoindian projectile points. Kele has a degree in archaeology and has been researching, writing, and editing in the collectibles field for many years. Reach her at kelejohnson@aimmedia.com.